Showing posts with label Placenta Previa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Placenta Previa. Show all posts

What are the most common causes of Antepartum Haemorrhage?

In obstetrics, Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy from twenty four weeks gestational age to term.

It should be considered a medical emergency (regardless of whether there is pain) and medical attention should be sought immediately, as if it is left untreated it can lead to death of the mother and/or fetus.

Bleeding without pain is most frequently bloody show, which is benign; however, it may also be placenta previa (in which both the mother and fetus are in danger). Painful APH is most frequently placental abruption (which may also lead to adverse fetal and/or maternal outcomes).

Complicates close to 4% of all pregnancies and is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY!

Common Causes:

- Placenta Previa (1/200)
- Placental Abruption (1/100)
- Uterine Rupture (1%)
- Vasa Previa
- Coagulation Disorder
- Hemorrhoids
- Vaginal Lesion/Injury
- Cervical Lesion/Injury
- Neoplasia

The pregnancy in which such bleeding occurs remains at increased risk for a poor outcome even though the bleeding soon stops and placenta previa appears to have been excluded by sonography.

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Placenta Previa

Placenta Previa (also known as low lying placenta) is the condition where the placenta is attached near the opening of the cervix. The possibility of delivering the placenta before the baby, poses a risk for the mother hemorrhaging.
Placenta Previa
Placenta praevia (placenta previa AE) is an obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached to the uterine wall close to or covering the cervix. It can sometimes occur in the later part of the first trimester, but usually during the second or third. It is a leading cause of antepartum haemorrhage (vaginal bleeding). It affects approximately 0.5% of all labours. Source: Wikipedia

Placenta previa can be divided into four types, of which the first two are the most common:

1. the placenta is positioned low in the womb, but the baby can still be born vaginally.

2. the lower edge of the placenta touches the opening of your cervix, but does not cover it, so the baby can be born vaginally.

3. the placenta partially covers the opening of your cervix. The baby will need to be born by caesarean section.

4. the placenta completely covers the opening of your cervix. The baby will need to be born by caesarean section. 
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